WHAT CONDITIONS REQUIRE DIALYSIS IN CHILDREN?
Dialysis, often considered a life-saving procedure for adults with kidney failure, is just as important for children facing similar health challenges.
There are various scenarios where dialysis may be necessary for the youngest patients. Among them are:
- Acute kidney injury (AKI). In children, it can occur due to conditions such as severe infections, dehydration, or under the influence of toxins (eg unintentional ingestion of drugs, poisons, alcohol). The most common cause of acute kidney injury in children is hemolytic uremic syndrome. It usually occurs after infectious gastroenteritis caused by E.coli. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia, a reduced amount of platelets (thrombocytopenia) and elevated residual nitrogen bodies in the blood (urea and creatinine). In these cases, temporary dialysis may be necessary until the kidneys recover their function.
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD): Children with progressive kidney damage from congenital anomalies, genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases may eventually reach end-stage chronic kidney disease, where dialysis becomes necessary to sustain life. Some of them are: renal polycystosis, renal dysplasia, Alport syndrome.
- Children can develop glomerulonephritis due to immune system dysfunction or infections (eg, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis). In severe cases, this can lead to significant deterioration of kidney function and the need for dialysis.
SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN CHILDREN
- Swelling and/or puffiness around the eyes, feet and ankles
2.Frequent headaches caused by high blood pressure
- Frequent urination
- Delayed growth
- Loss of appetite and chronic nausea
- Fatigue
- Anemia and pale skin
Of course, these symptoms can also be a sign of other conditions. It is important not to ignore them and, when you have concerns, to seek timely medical help.
WHAT ARE THE DIALYSIS OPTIONS?
As in adults, hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) is possible. The advantage of PD is that it can be performed at home, which can significantly reduce the stress associated with hospital visits. The pediatric nephrologist will help you choose the best option for your child that meets their needs and is consistent with their health condition.
The decision to start dialysis in children is based on a variety of factors, including the severity of kidney dysfunction, symptoms, underlying cause, general health, and the child’s age. The goal is to optimize the child’s health and quality of life while minimizing the risks and complications associated with kidney failure.