Monthly Archives: Juli, 2021

The diagnosis of CKD is associated with the need for dialysis, for which, accordingly, there must be vascular access. An option for such access is the AV fistula, which is considered as the best choice, as it usually lasts longer and creates fewer problems.

AV fistula is a surgical connection made between an artery and a vein created by a vascular specialist. It is usually located in the arm, but if this is not possible, it can be placed in the groin or in the legs. With an AV fistula, blood circulates from the artery directly into the vein, delivering the right amount of blood flow needed to provide adequate hemodialysis treatment. AV fistulas are the preferred vascular access for long-term dialysis because they have fewer complications than other access methods and are less prone to infections and thrombosis. The fistula will take several weeks to mature, with an average period of 4-6 weeks.

Some of the benefits of AV fistula is that it provides the necessary blood flow needed for effective dialysis, which can help reduce treatment time, lower the risk of infection, and reduce the likelihood of clotting.

How is an AV fistula created?

The first step in creating an AV fistula is to assess the condition of the blood vessels (veins and arteries). These manipulations and examinations are performed by a vascular specialist. If necessary, minimally invasive tests such as ultrasound and possibly an angiogram can be used to determine the size and depth of the arteries and veins. These tests will determine if the blood vessels are able to support the AV fistula. The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia. Once the AV fistula is established, it will take several weeks, in some cases a month or more, for the fistula to mature to the point where it can be used for hemodialysis treatment.

Acute renal failure develops rapidly, usually in less than a few days. It is most common in people who are already hospitalized, especially in critically ill condition, who need intensive treatment. Acute renal failure can be fatal and requires prompt and timely action. Often this process is reversible. Good physical health is essential to restore normal or near-normal kidney function.

Acute renal failure is very severe and is a dramatic condition in which the kidneys suddenly stop producing urine and the patient stops urinating. This can be a consequence of various diseases and injuries – severe acute kidney disease, major blood loss, severe shock injuries, dehydration (incessant vomiting and diarrhea), severe infections and more. An acute renal failure that lasts more than three months turns into a chronic one.

With the chronic real failure there is a gradual and irreversible failure of the kidney function. Many are the diseases that may cause herein including: a hypertension disease, a diabetes, chronic diseases of glmerulus and kidney infections, gout, renal-stone disease, tissue and congenital malformatis in the kidney  structure. There are medicines that may also cause irreversible kidney damage.

Unlike acute renal failure, chronic renal failure sometimes occurs covertly and unnoticed. To control these processes, a urine test should be performed 1-2 times a year, even if there are no complaints. A signal to suspect kidney disease is the presence of albumin in the urine and possible blood cells (leukocytes). In these situations, timely consultation with a specialist is mandatory.