The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the lives of millions around the world, with certain populations facing a higher risk of severe disease and complications. Among these vulnerable groups are people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time.
COVID-19 AND KIDNEY DISEASE
Individuals with CKD often have a compromised immune system, making them more susceptible to infections. The immune response in patients with CKD can be impaired, hindering their ability to effectively fight the virus.
Patients with CKD are at increased risk of severe infection and adverse outcomes when infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus can directly affect the kidneys, in some cases leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) on top of pre-existing chronic kidney disease.
AKI is an acute deterioration of renal function in a short period of time, which is accompanied by a significant increase in serum creatinine levels and reduced to absent urine output. The condition has several stages and can range from relatively mild damage to almost complete loss of kidney function. Patients with CKD are prone to hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, which combined with a COVID-19 infection and AKI can become life-threatening. Such extreme situations, in addition to treatment with different medications, could require emergency dialysis.
COVID-19 PREVENTION
To reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19, patients with CKD should strictly follow the known preventive measures:
- keeping distance and avoiding contact with sick people
- wearing a mask
- hand hygiene
- vaccination.
Vaccination has been shown to be a key tool in preventing severe illness and hospitalization.
Frequent check-ups and the potential future need for dialysis can be a cause of increased anxiety in people with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, the prevention of COVID-19 infections in CKD patients is important not only to avoid severe complications, but also to preserve their emotional health.
WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I GET COVID-19?
If you have been in contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19, watch for symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, muscle pain, lack of taste and smell).
If you show symptoms, it is appropriate to get tested (you can choose between an antigen test or a PCR test). Even if you feel relatively well, see your general practitioner, who might refer you to an infectious disease specialist. Keep in touch with your nephrologist and do not resort to self-treatment.
If you are undergoing dialysis, notify your dialysis center immediately. They will help you with possible changes in the schedule of your procedures, so as to ensure maximum safety both for your health and that of the medical team and other patients.